English for psychologists

Оксана Вячеславовна Иванова (2024)

Данное пособие состоит из 20 статей на английском языке по психологии, предназначенных для профессионалов и студентов, изучающих английский язык и желающих расширить свой профессиональный словарный запас в области психологии. Каждая статья сопровождается подробным глоссарием, обеспечивающим удобный доступ к ключевым терминам и понятиям.

UNIT 3

Neurobiological mechanisms of emotional regulation

Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage and control one's emotions, both positive and negative. It is an essential skill for maintaining mental health and well-being. Neurobiological research has helped to shed light on the mechanisms that underpin emotional regulation.

Neural Circuits Involved in Emotional Regulation

The brain regions primarily involved in emotional regulation include:

Prefrontal cortex (PFC):

Responsible for cognitive control, decision-making, and managing impulsive behavior.

Amygdala: Processes emotional information and initiates fear and anxiety responses.

Hippocampus: Involved in memory consolidation and contextualizing emotional events.

Insula: Detects bodily changes associated with emotions and generates subjective feelings.

Neurotransmitters and Emotional Regulation

Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, play a crucial role in emotional regulation:

Dopamine: Involved in reward processing and positive mood regulation.

Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, and appetite.

Norepinephrine: Facilitates alertness, focus, and energy.

Structural and Functional Connectivity

The strength of connections between different brain regions is crucial for emotional regulation. For instance, stronger connections between the PFC and amygdala promote enhanced cognitive control. Likewise, reduced connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus may impair contextualization and lead to overreactions to emotional stimuli.

Intervention and Treatment Strategies

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of emotional regulation has implications for intervention and treatment strategies. Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been shown to enhance emotional regulation skills.

Conclusion

Neurobiological research has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying emotional regulation. By understanding the neural circuits, neurotransmitters, and connectivity involved, psychologists can develop more effective strategies to help individuals manage their emotions and promote mental well-being.

WORDLIST:

emotional regulation — регуляция эмоций

an essential skill — базовый навык

to shed light — пролить свет

underpin emotional regulation — поддерживать регуляцию эмоций

neural circuits — нейронные цепи

prefrontal cortex — префронтальная кора

decision-making — принятие решений

impulsive behavior — импульсивное поведение

amygdala — миндалевидное тело

hippocampus — гиппокамп

memory consolidation — консолидация памяти

insula — островковая доля

detects bodily changes — определяет изменения в теле

play a crucial role — играет важную роль

facilitates alertness — помогает сохранять бдительность

structural and functional connectivity — структурная и функциональная связь

promote enhanced cognitive control — способствует более эффективному когнитивному контролю

likewise — аналогичным образом

overreactions to emotional stimuli — чрезмерная реакция на эмоциональные стимулы

transcranial magnetic stimulation — транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция