Подготовка к ЕГЭ по английскому языку 2022 Учимся выполнять задания 40.1 и 40.2 Раздела 4. Письменная речь

Никита Андреевич Морев, 2022

В пособии изложена авторская методика обучения выполнению заданий 40.1 и 40.2 раздела 4 Письменная речь единого государственного экзамена по английскому языку в 2022 году. Настоящее издание знакомит выпускников школы с особенностями интегративного подхода при оформлении ответов на варианты заданий 40.1 и 40.2, при этом обучающимся предоставляется возможность расширить и упрочить знания языка благодаря экзаменационным лексико-грамматическим и синтаксическим упражнениям. Каждый сформированный ответ на задание сопровождается показательным шаблоном, который легко трансформируется в соответствии с авторским стилем. Все ключевые лексические единицы с примерами употребления оформлены в экзаменационный словарь, представленный в конце пособия.

Разбор демонстрационных вариантов заданий 40.1 и 40.2^[1]

In Task 40.1 of the writing part EGE candidates are required to write a product with reasoning elements based on some data presented in a table. Look at the sample writing task numbered 40.1 on page 18 of the pdf-format file “АЯ-11 ЕГЭ 2022 ДЕМО_ПЧ” which you can access if you follow the link https://fipi.ru/ege/demoversii-specifikacii-kodifikatory#!/tab/151883967–11, download the presented materials and unpack the digital archive. Then, read the answers to the questions below.

1.1 Look at the sample answer below and transform words 1–7 in square brackets so they each have a grammatically correct form in the context where they are used. Some words must not necessarily be grammatically transformed.

Nowadays, it is widely believed that reading books is essential for everyone, so I [1] [DECIDE] […………………………………………] to carry out a project regarding the popularity of various book genres among my peers. In the course of my analysis I [2] [FIND] […………………………………………] some data based on the results of the recently conducted opinion polls.

The details presented in the relevant table [3] [SHOW] […………………………………………] that the minority of the respondents, or 17.6%, are keen to read romances. On the contrary, most of the young readers involved in the survey with the proportion almost three times as big as the mentioned figures, or 55,4%, prefer reading adventure books.

[4] [UNDERSTAND] […………………………………………] the specific relations between the data in the table, it is worth contrasting some of the values. What strikes my eye is the fact that the percentage of detective story lovers almost equals the share of those who are interested in adventure fiction, [5] [DIFFER] […………………………………………] from this group only by 0.1%.

One problem concerning reading is that at present, there are too many published releases offering the brief summary of what teenagers [6] [EXPECT] […………………………………………] to read fully as part of their school curriculum. This negative phenomenon may eventually result in a poor educational level school-leavers risk [7] [HAVE] […………………………………………] before entering University. Nevertheless, a possible solution here would be to reduce the number of items for reading included in the school programme and encourage learners to study them from cover to cover.

In conclusion, I am convinced that reading is an integral part of teenage daily life as it broadens horizons, develops human personality and contributes to a better understanding of the world we live in.

1.2 Check your answers in the table below. Then, count up all the words in the sample answer and write down their total number: ____________ (mind that a percentage value is regarded as one word). Is the number you’ve got between 180 and 275? If not, is there anything you’d leave out of the answer? Cross out those words which, in your opinion, can be omitted with no effect on the general meaning.

1.3 Write out sentences or their parts from the sample answer to complete the right-handed blocks below.

2.1 Write out as many linking words and cohesive devices as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.2 Write out as many synonyms for certain words and phrases as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.3 Write out as many lexical units typical of the upper-intermediate level as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.4 Write out as many grammatical constructions typical of the upper-intermediate level as you can find in the sample answer.

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3.1 Now check that you understand the meaning of the following words and expressions extracted from the answer and normally used to describe data in a table; translate them into Russian.

• (the) minority —

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• respondents —

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• on the contrary —

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• percentage —

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• proportion —

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• figures —

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• values —

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• relations —

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• share —

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• equal —

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• differ (by) —

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3.2 Study the examiner’s assessment table presented in the file “АЯ-11 ЕГЭ 2022 ДЕМО_ПЧ” on page 32 (see the ling above) and try to assess the sample answer by writing the symbols “+” or “-“ depending on whether the relevant criterion has been accounted for or ignored. What total score do you think you would get for the writing product above?

In Task 40.2 of the writing part EGE candidates are required to write a product with reasoning elements based on some data presented in a diagram. Look at the sample writing task numbered 40.2 on page 19 of the pdf-format file “АЯ-11 ЕГЭ 2022 ДЕМО_ПЧ” which you can access if you follow the link https://fipi.ru/ege/demoversii-specifikacii-kodifikatory#!/tab/151883967–11, download the presented materials and unpack the digital archive. Then, read the answers to the questions below.

1.1 Look at the sample answer below and transform words 1–7 in square brackets so they each have a grammatically correct form in the context where they are used. Some words must not necessarily be grammatically transformed.

There is no [1] [DENY] […………………………………………] the fact that modern people cannot envisage their life without gadgets and, first and foremost, mobile phones. Bearing that in mind, I [2] [UNDERTAKE] [………………………………………] a project which deals with different purposes the inhabitants of Zetland use their smartphones for. My analysis is being done on the basis of the data presented in one diagram illustrating the results of a recently conducted survey.

If we look at the distribution of numbers in the aforementioned bar chart, we [3] [SEE] [………………………………………] that the majority of the people involved in the poll, or 79%, text and receive email messages on their phones, however paradoxical this may be. Another striking result of the survey shows that only 15% of the interviewed participants buy various items online with their smartphones. Last but not least, the number of those who enjoy [4] [SURF] […………………………………] the mobile net is slightly higher than a half, 58% to be more precise.

As we see, some proportions of the surveyed people in the diagram can [5] [COMPARE] [………………………………………]. To start with, the percentage of phone callers is almost the same as the percentage of email correspondents, with an inconsiderable difference of 1% (to be exact, 79% versus 78%). Nevertheless, the numerical difference between Internet addicts with the value of 58% and online game fans, or 48% of the total number, is [6] [DISTINCT] [………………………………] and constitutes 10%.

In my view, at least one serious problem may arise with using smartphones: [7] [CONSIDER] [………………………………………] that such gadgets perform numerous operations for people every single day, they inevitably cause psychological dependence leading to poor eyesight, mental stagnation and absorbing undesirable information. To my way of thinking, the solution here would be [8] [MAKE] [………………………………………] yourself live a more natural gadget-free style of life which has no excessive use of technologies.

In conclusion, smartphones [9] [BECOME] [……………………………] already [……………………………] an important part of our daily life, no matter what negative effect they may have on human health. If it were not for them, most social areas [10] [UNDERGO] [……………………………] never [……………………………] progress.

1.2 Check your answers in the table below. Then, count up all the words in the sample answer and write down their total number ____________ (mind that a percentage value is regarded as one word). Is the number you’ve got between 180 and 275? If not, is there anything you’d leave out of the answer? Cross those words which, in your opinion, can be omitted with no effect on the general meaning.

1.3 Write out sentences or their parts from the sample answer to complete the right-handed blocks below.

2.1 Write out as many linking words and cohesive devices as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.2 Write out as many synonyms for certain words and phrases as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.3 Write out as many lexical units typical of the upper-intermediate level as you can find in the sample answer.

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2.4 Write out as many grammatical constructions typical of the upper-intermediate level as you can find in the sample answer.

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3.1 Now check that you understand the meaning of the following words and expressions extracted from the answer and used to describe data in a table; translate them into Russian.

• the distribution of numbers —

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• (the) majority —

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• be slightly higher than —

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• to be more precise —

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• be almost the same as —

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• (an) inconsiderable difference —

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• to be exact —

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• (a) numerical difference —

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• be (more) distinct —

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• constitute —

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• (the) total number —

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3.2 Study the examiner’s assessment table presented in the file “АЯ-11 ЕГЭ 2022 ДЕМО_ПЧ” on page 32 and try to assess the sample answer above by writing the symbols “+” or “-“ depending on whether the relevant criterion has been accounted for or ignored. What total score do you think you would get for the writing product above?

Примечания

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Предложенные ответы на вопросы к заданиям этого раздела смотрите в конце пособия. Там же можно найти дополнительные шаблоны ответов на задания 40.1 и 40.2