12 английских времён понятным языком для русскоговорящих

Том Оксфорд, 2023

Я Том Оксфорд, сертифицированный по международной системе TESOL преподаватель и официальный тренер IELTS, профессионально преподаю английский с 2009 года. В процессе работы, я заметил, что 9 из 10 русскоговорящих учеников не умеют пользоваться двенадцатью временами английского языка. Даже прочитав правила, они не понимают, как это делать. Проблема в том, что стандартные объяснения, изложенные в учебниках, часто не адаптированы под родной язык ученика. В результате увидев предложение: I’m tired because I’ve been working hard this week (Я устал, т. к. работал усердно на этой неделе), студенты просто “бросают язык”, не понимая, почему здесь используется Present Perfect Continuous, а не Past Simple или Past Continuous. В этой книге я объясняю все 12 времён, учитывая особенности русского языка. Прочитав эту книгу, вы сможете понять, как они используются, и начнете говорить правильно. А самое главное – лучше понимать носителей.

Пройдите мини-тест на знание грамматики

Как хорошо вы знаете 12 времён английского языка?

Девять из десяти моих новых студентов говорят, что у них нет проблем. Серьёзно?:-) Давайте проверим. Переведите 15 предложений с русского на английский язык.

Task 1

a)

Last evening I played football.

b)

Last evening I was playing football.

c)

Last evening I’d been playing football.

d)

Last evening I’d played football.

Task 2

a)

Last evening I played football for 2 hours.

b)

Last evening I was playing football for 2 hours.

c)

Last evening I’d been playing football for 2 hours.

d)

Last evening I’d played football for 2 hours.

Task 3

a)

Today I’ve met my friend.

b)

Today I met my friend.

c)

Today I had met my friend.

d)

Today I’ve meet my friend.

Task 4

a)

When I left home, I realized that I forgot my umbrella.

b)

When I left home, I realized that I forgotten my umbrella.

c)

When I left home, I realized that I had forgotten my umbrella.

d)

When I had left home, I realized that I had forgotten my umbrella.

Task 5

a)

It was 7 p.m., we had been waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

b)

It was 7 p.m., we were waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

c)

It was 7 p.m., we had waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

d)

It was 7 p.m., we had been waited for Sanek for 3 hours.

Вам кажется, что эти предложения “easy-peasy”? Хочется чего-то пожарче? Как скажете

Task 6

a)

We waited for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

b)

We were waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

c)

We had been waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

d)

We had been waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he forgot about the meeting.

Task 7

a)

I wish Sanek would watch that film.

b)

I wish Sanek will watch that film.

c)

I wish Sanek had watched that film.

d)

I wish Sanek hadn’t watched that film.

Task 8

a)

If Sanek didn’t forget about that meeting, he would have seen that film.

b)

If Sanek hadn’t forgotten about that meeting, he would have seen that film.

c)

If Sanek didn’t forget about that meeting, he would see that film.

d)

If Sanek hadn’t forgotten about that meeting, he would see that film.

Task 9

a)

Could you tell me where

you are

going?

b)

Could you tell me where

are you

going?

c)

Could you tell me where

you

going?

d)

Could you tell me where

you

go?

Task 10

a)

Peter has been asking for 2 hours.

b)

Peter is asking for 2 hours.

c)

Peter is being asked for 2 hours.

d)

Peter is being ask for 2 hours.

Да, да, мои хорошие! Это всё ещё предложения, проверяющие простые 12 времён английского языка, которые все “знают”

Task 11

a)

My neighbour is always drilling the wall!

b)

My neighbour always drills the wall!

c)

My neighbour always drill the wall!

d)

My neighbour always drilling the wall!

Task 12

a)

The train is arriving at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

b)

The train arrives at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

c)

The train will arrive at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

d)

The train will be arriving at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

Task 13

a)

When Sanek came, we left.

b)

When Sanek had come, we left.

c)

When Sanek came, we had left.

d)

When Sanek had come, we had left.

Task 14

a)

I studied at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

b)

I was studying at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

c)

I had studied at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

d)

I studied at university for 5 years, and then I had found a good job.

Task 15

a)

Why is the road wet? Because it was raining.

b)

Why is the road wet? Because it rained

c)

Why is the road wet? Because it has rained.

d)

Why is the road wet? Because it has been raining.

Ответы на эти тесты вы найдете в конце книги.