Грамматика английского языка: порядок слов, косвенная речь, предлоги

А. С. Пташкин

Учебное пособие «Грамматика английского языка: порядок слов, косвенная речь, предлоги» предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы. Оно может оказаться полезным тем, кто изучает английский язык на продвинутом уровне, а также тем, кто желает совершенствовать свои навыки в грамматике. Пособие включает систему упражнений и проверочных тестов по указанным разделам грамматики.

1. PARTS OF THE SENTENCE

It is necessary to distinguish the following parts of speech: principal and secondary parts and independent elements. The subject and the predicate belong to the principal parts. The secondary parts include the attribute, the object, the adverbial modifier. It is typical to distinguish the following independent elements: the interjection, the direct address, the parenthesis.

The subject acts as the «doer’ or agent of an action. Usually they are noun phrases. There direct and indirect objects. A direct object is meant to be a thing or a person affected by the action of the verb. An indirect object is normally a person who receives a direct object. The predicate tells us what the subject does. The attribute is a word ascribing a quality. The adverbial modifier is a word or a phrase which usually modifies a verb or an adjective.

The independent elements stand as the words and word groups which do not depend on any part of the sentence from the grammatical point of view.

1. State the parts of the following sentences:

1. Once upon a time this creature lived in the mountains.

2. That day she was walking along the street.

3. Surprisingly, he came to an office in the middle of the night.

4. At dawn we saw a large oak-tree.

5. A buzzing-noise came from that apartment.

6. That gentleman sat down at the foot of the mountain, and began to analyse.

7. She started at a sudden noise.

8. He climbed and she sat.

9. Climbing, they sang a song to a lady-bird.

10. They wanted to climb but there was no real opportunity to do it.

2. State the parts of the following sentences:

1. The trouble with this friend is that he was good at a certain degree.

2. A group of outstanding scholars made a great contribution to this field of knowledge.

3. They meant to be men of glory.

4. They had a habit of drinking that tea with lemon and sugar.

5. This room was successfully transformed into a great apartment.

6. It suddenly became the national tradition of this country.

7. There are different cases when you can get rid of it.

8. If you want to come on Friday, you should forget about your concert.

9. It is given to you by a nice fellow.

10. Then you can do whatever you want.

3. State the parts of the following sentences:

1. Do not follow my advice!

2. I wake up at six o’clock in the morning.

3. I have several pieces of cake for lunch.

4. I drank tea during the whole evening.

5. I have two hours for reading even at night.

6. That day she wished three cups of tea and two pieces of ham.

7. It was one of the exceptional hot days.

8. My wife made some cold coffee and put it into refrigerator.