Английский язык. Теория и практика. Употребление времен

Ричард Грант, 2021

Употребление времен – это шестнадцатое учебное пособие из серии "Английский язык. Теория и практика".Освоив теоретический материал, представленный в данной серии, и выполнив более 600 упражнений для самоконтроля, ваш словарный запас будет состоять из более чем 6 000 английских слов и выражений, что позволит вам успешно сдать такие международные экзамены по английскому языку, как TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS (International English Language Testing System) и другие.

Разница

между

The Future Perfect Continuous

и

The Future Perfect Simple

Future Perfect Continuous и Future Perfect Simple похожи, а иногда могут быть взаимозаменяемыми. Например, в случае с глаголами, которые не используются с временами группы Continuous: know, understand и другими. Однако есть между ними одно важное отличие — для Future Perfect Continuous важно подчеркнуть длительность действия, а Future Perfect Simple делает акцент на завершенности действия и его результате.

By the end of the day I will have been reading for eight hours. — К концу дня я буду читать на протяжении восьми часов. — Future Perfect Continuous

By the end of the day I will have read 500 pages of the book. — К концу дня я прочитаю 500 страниц книги. — Future Perfect Simple

I will have been working on this project for six months by the end of this year. — К концу года я буду работать над этим проектом уже на протяжении шести месяцев. — Future Perfect Continuous

I will have finished working on this project by the end of this year. — К концу года я закончу работать над этим проектом. — Future Perfect Simple

Запомните:

В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, as soon as, before, till/until, after вместо будущего времени употребляется настоящее время.

Упражнение 41

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain). A cold wind often (to blow). 3. You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 4. My sister (not to like) coffee. 5. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 6. The weather (to be) fine today. It (to be) warm, the sun (to shine) brightly. A soft wind (to blow). Small white clouds (to sail) in the sky. 7. You (to read) this book next week? 8. When you (to go) to bed every day? 9. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 10. Don’t go out: it (to rain) heavily. 11. You (to read) books every day? 12. What he (to read) now? 13. He (to play) chess every day. 14. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it (to rain) in the evening and you (to get) wet through if you (not to put) it on.

Упражнение 42

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to read) a book now? 2. What he (to read) every day? 3. He (not to play) chess every day. 4. Every spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the trees. 5. I (not to see) him tomorrow. 6. What he (to read) tomorrow? 7. He (to play) chess every day? 8. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the next room. 9. What you (to do) tomorrow? 10. You (to give) me this book tomorrow? 11. They (to play) chess now. 12. It usually (not to snow) at this time of the year. 13. What your friend (to do) tomorrow? 14. Where she (to be) tomorrow?

Упражнение 43

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. They (not to play) chess now. 2. What the weather (to be) like now? It (to snow)? — No, it…. 3. Where you (to go) next summer? 4. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 5. They (to play) chess now? 6. We (to go) out of town to ski on Sunday? — Yes, we… if it (to snow) this week and if there (to be) a lot of snow everywhere. 7. Where you (to go) every morning? 8. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow? 9. Nick (to walk) in the park now. 10. What you (to do) tomorrow? — We (to go) out of town if the weather (not to change) for the worse. You (to come) with us? — With pleasure, if only I (not to have) too much work to do at home. 11. Where you (to go) now? 12. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 13. Nick (to go) to school every day. 14. If we (to have) TV sets at our supermarket, they (to inform) customers about things in the store.

Упражнение 44

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. Look! Mary (to dance). 2. What you (to do) now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 3. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 4. If we (to play) music, it (to produce) the right atmosphere. 5. She (to dance) every day. 6. When you (to finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 7. I (to miss) your excellent cooking! 8. If we (to put) in cameras, they (to stop) people stealing things. 9. She (to dance) tomorrow? 10. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 11. You ever (to buy) presents? 12. If we (to employ) more assistants, they (to help) our customers. 13. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow. 14. What you (to do) in the country next summer?

Упражнение 45

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to think) it (to be) easy or difficult to choose the right presents for people? 2. We (to go) to school in the morning. 3. They (not to drink) tea now. I (to think) they (to watch) TV. 4. What present your mother (to receive) for her next birthday? 5. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 6. What your father (to drink) in the evening? 7. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 8. When you (to get) up every day? — I (to get) up at seven o’clock. 9. I (not to play) the guitar now. 10. My brother usually (not to get) up at seven o’clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o’clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o’clock. 11. My brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 12. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow? 13. They (not to take) care of the garden next summer. 14. We (to go) to the country the day after tomorrow.

Упражнение 46

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to like) apples? 2. Our friends always (to go) to the country for the weekend. 3. You (to eat) apples tomorrow? 4. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 5. Nick (to read) a lot of books. 6. Your parents (to watch) TV now? 7. Mother (to work) every day. 8. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in the kitchen every day. 9. He (not to sleep) now. 10. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 11. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 12. I (not to learn) the poem now. 13. She (to live) in San Francisco. 14. My father (to shoot) very well. 15. He is very strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box.

Упражнение 47

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени.

1. Before you (to cross) the park, you will come to a supermarket. 2. When you (to cross) the park, you will see the hospital. 3. If you (to translate) this article into English, I will use it in my report. 4. If she (to be) in Toronto now, she will meet you at the railway station. 5. If you (not to hurry), you will miss the train. 6. If it (to rain), we shan’t go to the country. 7. When my friend (to come) to Toronto, we will go to the Art Museum. 8. What will you be doing when he (to come) to your place? 9. Don’t forget to pay for your dinner before you (to leave) the canteen. 10. I will be able to translate this article if you (to give) me a dictionary. 11. You will have to work hard at home if you (to miss) the lesson. 12. Where will you go when you (to come) to London? 13. The child won’t be healthy if you (not to give) him much fruit. 14. I shan’t have dinner before mother (to come) home. 15. What will you do if you (not to finish) your homework tonight? 16. She will wait for him till he (to come) back. 17. What do you want to do after you (to leave) school? 18. I’ll call you as soon as I (to get) home from the hospital.

Упражнение 48

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему.)

1. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call) on you and we (to have) a good talk. 2. If the weather (to be) nice, we probably (to go) to the beach. 3. My grandmother is superstitious. She always says to me, “If you (to spill) salt, you should throw a little salt over your left shoulder. If you (not to do) this, you (to have) bad luck. If you (to break) a mirror, you (to have) bad luck for seven years.” 4. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 5. If he still (to have) a cold and (not to feel) better, he (not to go) to a disco. 6. I (not to speak) to him until he (to apologize). 7. As soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 8. If you (to decide) to forget about your diet, you (to eat) a piece of wedding cake tomorrow. 9. Peter (to introduce) us to his friends as soon as we (to meet) them. 10. You (to pass) many towns and villages on your way before you (to arrive) in Toronto. 11. If I (to drink) too much champagne at my friend’s wedding, I (to get) a bad headache. 12. We (to go) to the station to meet Sergei when he (to come) to Toronto. 13. I (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) the tickets. 14. If they (to go) to California next year, they (to visit) his friend in San Francisco. 15. Don’t go away until mother (to come) back. Give her the note as soon as she (to come).

Упражнение 49

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему.)

1. I (to go). 2. If she (not to work) properly, her boss (to fire) her and (to hire) my sister. 3. You (to go) to the library with us? — No, I…. I (to stay) here and (to help) Jane with her grammar. I (to come) to the library after I (to finish). 4. When he (to return) to Toronto, he (to call) on us. 5. I (to see) you before you (to start)? 6. Ring me up before you (to come). 7. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 8. What he (to do) when he (to come) home? 9. I (to speak) to Mary if I (to see) her today. 10. We (to gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from Africa. 11. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine? 12. If you (to ask) me a difficult question, I (to be) nervous. If I (to be) nervous, I (to make) a mistake. If I (to make) a mistake, the other students (to laugh) at me. If the other students (to laugh) at me, I (to be) embarrassed. And if I (to be) embarrassed, I (to cry). So please don’t ask me a difficult question! 13. I (to sing) this song with you if you (to tell) me the words. 14. He (to ring) me up when he (to return) home. 15. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house the next time.

Упражнение 50

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему.)

1. If it (to rain), we (to stay) at home. 2. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 3. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 4. When they (to cross) the road, they (to see) the hotel. 5. I am sure he (to come) to say goodbye to us before he (to leave) Toronto. 6. Before she (to get) to the theatre, she (to go) past the shopping centre. 7. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the room. 8. What we (to do) if it (to rain) tonight? 9. If we (to be) tired, we (to stop) at a small village halfway to Toronto and (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10. What she (to do) if she (to see) her best friend again? 11. If you (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 12. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be) exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 13. She (to make) all the arrangements about it before she (to fly) there. 14. If it (to be) very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning. 15. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a week or two at a holiday resort not far from here. 16. He (to watch) videos after he (to finish) his homework.

Упражнение 51

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. Он сделает упражнения по английскому языку, если у него не будет других дел. 2. Если я не помогу ему, он завтра не напишет контрольную работу. 3. Он не пойдет в библиотеку сегодня вечером. 4. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он будет дома. 5. Мы будем дома завтра. 6. Если мы будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим эту программу по телевизору. 7. Завтра ее не будет дома. 8. Если ее завтра не будет дома, оставь ей записку. 9. Завтра погода будет хорошая. 10. Если завтра погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город. 11. Когда она приходит в школу, она снимает пальто. 12. Когда она придет в школу, она снимет пальто. 13. Как только он вспоминает эту забавную сцену, он начинает смеяться. 14. Как только он вспомнит эту забавную сцену, он начнет смеяться. 15. Я приду домой в шесть часов. 16. Когда я приду домой, я позвоню вам. 17. Она позвонит нам вечером. 18. Если она позвонит вам, попросите ее принести мне книгу. 19. Я увижу Тома завтра. 20. Как только я увижу Тома, я расскажу ему об этом. 21. Я поеду в Париж на будущей неделе. 22. Перед тем как я поеду в Париж, я позвоню вам.

Упражнение 52

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 3. She (to study) English two hours ago. 4. Yesterday he (not to eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late. 5. Your brother (to go) to school last Friday? — Yes, he…. 6. We (to like) to cook but we (not to like) to wash the dishes. 7. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 8. He never (to shout) at his students. He (to be) a wonderful teacher, I remember. 9. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. 10. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 11. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 12. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago?

Упражнение 53

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. Last night he (to wash) his face with soap and water. 2. He (to live) on the third floor. 3. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 4. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 5. We (not to rest) yesterday. 6. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday? 7. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 8. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 9. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 10. Her friends (to be) ready at five o’clock. 11. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? — Yes, I…. But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 12. One of her brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last summer.

Упражнение 54

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Past Simple.

1. You (to come) home at six o’clock yesterday? — No, I…. Yesterday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 2. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to become) Queen of England in 1952. 3. Mary (to like) writing stories. 4. You always (to get) up at seven o’clock? — No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven. 5. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 6. Antonio Stradivari (to make

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