СТРУКТУРНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ХРОМОСОМ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВКА КЛЕТОК КРОВИ. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF CHROMOSOMES AND BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIATION

Лидия Ивановна Чабала

В монографии представлены исследования о структурно-функциональной организации хромосом в популяции клеток костного мозга Rattus norvegicus. Открытие преобразований в структуре у двух пар хромосом позволило выявить хромосомное определение дифференцировки лейкоцитарного, эритроидного, мегакариоцитарного рядов крови, и связь этого процесса с возможностями организма, и действующими на него факторов среды. Книга представляет интерес для генетиков, гематологов, физиологов, биологов, фармакологов.

Introduction

We were the first to experimentally discover a representative of class Mammalia in Rattus norvegicus rats, a previously unknown phenomenon of structural and functional transformations of metaphase chromosomes in the population of bone marrow cells. As a result, the three types of sets of chromosomes were identified in each subject. And afterwards, the laws of their formation depending on the physiological state of the body were revealed.

The three varieties of the sets of chromosomes have a certain constructive meaning for the processes of differentiation of hematopoietic cells, which was proved experimentally and interpreted from the standpoint of the existing scientific knowledge.

The opened regularities of the structural and functional transformations of chromosomes in the population of the bone marrow cells and the chromosomal determination of the three hematopoietic cell sprouts at different age stages of life and physiological models clarify the knowledge about the polymorphism of the metaphase chromosomes and karyotype, as well as the method of implementation of the genetic program of stem cells transforming into specialized ones. It is important for the hematology and the further development of cytogenetics, and it expands the understanding of the state of physiology and health. The paper reveals the relationship of the structural and functional organization of the metaphase chromosomal sets with the formation of blood cells and with the physiology of the body.

Prior to our studies in hematology, it was only known that the original proliferating cells did not differ in morphology. Consequently, the revealed differences at the level of the metaphase chromosomal sets of proliferating cells allow us to study hematopoiesis at an earlier stage in comparison with leukocytes, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes recognized by morphology. In addition, the information on the new method for implementing genetic information in the ontogenesis of the body made it possible to develop a method for determining the state of bone marrow hematopoiesis at the chromosomal level, which is essential for hematology, medicine, and cytogenetics.

It is possible to use the new phenomenon and the regularities of the formation of the three types of metaphase chromosomal sets according to the needs of the body for life support to assess hematopoiesis and the physiological state of the body, as well as to conduct studies on adaptation to factors of different nature and strength in order to identify the conditions to restore the human health.