21-й – 30-й тесты. Английский язык. ЕГЭ, 2024. На базе материалов ФИПИ

Игорь Евтишенков

10 полных вариантов заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку.Письменная часть.Устная часть.Ответы.Ссылка на аудиофайлы.

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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions are among the Earth’s most powerful and destructive forces. However, they are also creative forces. The Earth’s first oceans and atmosphere formed from the gases given off by volcanoes. In turn, the oceans and the atmosphere created the environment ___ (A). Volcanoes have also shaped the Earth’s landscape. Many of our mountains, islands, and plains have been built by volcanic eruptions.

The Earth’s crust is broken into plates ___ (B). There are 16 major plates. These rigid plates float on a softer layer of rock in the Earth’s mantle. As the plates move about they push together or pull apart. Most volcanoes are located near the edges of plates.

Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. ___ (C), magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures in the Earth’s surface. A volcanic eruption occurs! Magma that has erupted is called lava.

Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. How explosive an eruption is depends on how runny or sticky the magma is. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. ___ (D), it flows out of the volcano. Lava flows rarely kill people, because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way. Lava flows, however, can cause considerable destruction to buildings in their path.

If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up ___ (E). In this type of eruption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders.

Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. They can blast out clouds of hot tephra from the side or top of a volcano. These fiery clouds race down mountainsides destroying almost everything in their path. Ash erupted into the sky falls back to Earth like powdery snow, but snow ___ (F). If thick enough, blankets of ash can suffocate plants, animals, and humans. When hot volcanic materials mix with water from streams or melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows have buried entire communities located near erupting volcanoes.

1. that resemble a jigsaw puzzle

2. when plates push together

3. until the gases escape violently and explode

4. that made life possible on our planet

5. because it is lighter than the solid rock around it

6. that doesn’t melt

7. when this type of magma erupts

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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Kayak Adventure

It started with a casual phone call in the spring of 2005. A good friend, Mike Crenshaw, finally got a permit from the National Park Service to lead a private party of 16 boaters down the Colorado River. He had a slot open for Willie. Was he interested?

«It was the chance of a lifetime,» Stewart says. He had been waiting years for this trip to happen. «How could I refuse?»

But before they shoved off, he had a couple of things to take care of. He had to get a white-water kayak, learn how to use it, and get a prosthesis to replace his missing arm.

The trip was still about four months off and Stewart figured he had time to master the needed skills for white-water kayaking. He spent hours practising in the university pool and in a creek down the road from his house. Over and over, he flipped himself upside down so he could work on his Eskimo roll in which he uses his paddle and a little hip action to flip himself upright. Finally, figuring he was ready, Stewart headed for the Grand Canyon.

Even with all his training, he was barely prepared for the adventure. At the first significant rapids, a middling run of white water called Badger Creek, Stewart was thrown out of his boat. He recalls how demoralized he felt as he swam to shore. Farther downriver at a place called House Rock, he was knocked over four times. He made it through mostly because he’d mastered one good move: the Eskimo roll.

At another set of rapids, Horn Creek, he got sucked into a violent implosion of water that held him in a swirling maelstrom for several terrifying seconds. At the next, Hance, which was full of rocks, Stewart says, «I was upside down, backward — basically, I was bounced down the river like a rubber ball.» He was figuratively, and literally, in over his head.

Stewart decided that to even pretend he knew what he was doing would be pure suicide. From then on, he followed more experienced paddlers through the thundering waters and relied on his Eskimo roll for emergencies. Up until now, even after his injury, Stewart had dominated just about every competition he entered. Here in the canyon, he realized, he might have met his match.

The Colorado can be a brutal adversary. It flows at the rate of anywhere from 10,000 to 30,000 cubic feet every second. It has roughly 100 named, or significant, rapids and a dozen smaller ones, all more than capable of trashing Stewart and his little plastic boat. And then there is the cold. Water temperature seldom gets above the high 40s. Some stretches are so chilly that boaters are warned not to swim in them at all. The shock of immersion can cause muscle exhaustion and drowning, even a heart attack.

After about a week and a half, Stewart had made it 90 miles. «I couldn’t believe I was still alive,» he admits. «It was pure luck.» His luck was about to change.

He had been dreading the huge rapids called Crystal. Rapids in the Grand Canyon are rated one to ten in degree of difficulty, ten being the meanest. Stewart began his attack by dodging an enormous whirlpool. Paddling frantically, he slipped past a wall of waves powerful enough to flip a boat twice the size of his, and skirted what one guide called a «raft-ripping rock.»

But he still wasn’t finished. There was a second half to navigate, a treacherous, boulder-strewn run euphemistically called the Rock Garden. To Stewart’s relief, he wove through it all without getting tipped over once.

Shortly afterward, the river took a sharp left turn where he had to negotiate a little set of white water, coincidentally called Willies Necktie. The danger here is the way the current drives boats into the crook of the turn on the right side. The way to avoid it is to stay on the left. Stewart knew that, but he dropped his guard, making a deadly mistake. He drifted right.

Before he could make the correction, his boat slammed into a boulder and flipped. Tons of rushing water pinned him against the canyon wall. He tried to do his Eskimo roll, but his right arm — the one he always used to pull himself up — was jammed against the rock. Somehow he had to get himself vertical using his prosthesis.

Stewart fought hard, pushing up again and again, each time getting a few gasps of air before being submerged. Exhausted, freezing, running out of room to breathe, he thought he had one more try left in him. Gathering his last bit of energy, he lunged for the surface. This time, his paddle blade caught just right, and he pulled himself upright.

After a little less than a minute, the current spun him around and slammed him into a rock. Before he’d even caught his breath, Stewart was underwater again. Luckily, this time someone saw him go down.

Timmy O’Neill was an experienced kayaker on his fifth Canyon run. He quickly paddled across the river to help, arriving just in time to see Stewart’s kayak pop to the surface. Several long seconds later, Stewart bobbed up. As he reached for O’Neill’s kayak, they were both sucked into a hole of churning water. Finally, the river spit them out, and Stewart discovered he had a new problem. His paddle, strapped to his prosthesis, was acting like an anchor, dragging him toward the next set of rapids. He had to decide: keep the arm and drown, or cut it loose. Frantic, he clawed at the tight straps, finally getting them free. Then he felt the current drag everything away. «My arm,» he gasped. It was gone.

«I was devastated,» Stewart recalls. Here he was at the 100-mile mark, less than halfway, and for all practical purposes the trip was over.

12. Willie Stewart…

1) was an experienced kayaker.

2) had a white-water kayak.

3) was disabled.

4) had been to the Grand Canyon before.

Ответ:

13. Before heading for the Grand Canyon, Stewart spend a lot of time…

1) practising a self-rescue technique.

2) studying at University.

3) swimming in the pool.

4) looking for a prosthesis.

Ответ:

14. After a set of rapids, Stewart understood that…

1) he was well prepared for the adventure.

2) he was having the best match in his life.

3) he didn’t have necessary skills to succeed.

4) his adventure was a pure suicide.

Ответ:

15. Boaters are advised not to swim in some stretches because…

1) of their dangerous rapids.

2) the water is too cold in them.

3) the current is too strong.

4) they are very deep.

Ответ:

16. Stewart went in the wrong direction after…

1) Crystal.

2) a «raft-ripping rock’.

3) the Rock Garden.

4) Willies Necktie.

Ответ:

17. Willie had difficulty in doing his Eskimo roll because…

1) the water was too cold.

2) he was exhausted.

3) he was running out of room to breathe.

4) he could not use his right arm.

Ответ:

18. Stewart managed to escape the next set of rapids…

1) with the help of O’Neill.

2) after doing his Eskimo roll.

3) by disposing of his prosthesis.

4) holding on to the straps.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.