Пермь. Краткая история

Эдуард Михальков

Эта книга представляет собой лаконичный и доступный обзор истории Перми с момента основания города в 1723 году до настоящего времени. В краткой и живой форме автор рассказывает об основных вехах становления и развития Перми как, крупнейшего политического, экономического и культурного центра России. Книга адресована самой широкой аудитории читателей, интересующихся историей Перми.

EN

Perm was founded in 1723 by Semyon Tatishchev as a settlement of a copper smelting plant. Originally the settlement was called Egoshikhinsky in honor of its founder Vasily Egoshikhin. In 1781 it was renamed Perm and received the status of a city.

In the early years of Perm’s existence, mining and industry developed rapidly. By the 1800s Perm had become one of the largest centers of mining and industrial production in the Ural region. By the mid-1800s, the city’s population had grown from a few hundred people to more than 20,000.

In 1879, a railroad connected Perm to central Russia, which contributed to further industrialization. Large factories for the production of steam engines, metal structures, glass, and chemicals appeared. By 1897 the population of Perm exceeded 64 thousand people.

At the beginning of the XX century in Perm there were political unrest, strikes of workers, and in 1909 and 1910 there were devastating fires that destroyed most of the wooden buildings of the city. Despite the devastation, Perm continued to develop economically until the revolution. By 1916 more than 100 thousand people lived in Perm.

After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Perm became an important industrial center of the new Soviet state. In accordance with Stalin’s first five-year plan, which began in 1928, large-scale industrialization was carried out. Several large industrial complexes were built, including machine-building and chemical plants, and several hydroelectric power plants on the Kama River. By the 1930s the population of Perm exceeded 200 thousand people.

During the Great Patriotic War, factories from western regions of Russia were evacuated to Perm, which contributed to the further growth of industrial production. After the war Perm continued to develop as a center of heavy industry and production. Among the large enterprises were the Perm Motor Plant, Perm Bearing Plant, Lysvenskaya Metallurgical Company, and several chemical plants.

Infrastructure development continued in the postwar period. In 1954, an airport was built in Perm. In 1958 the construction of the Kama hydroelectric power station was completed. By the end of the 1970s, the city’s population exceeded one million people.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Perm experienced an economic downturn. Many enterprises reduced production and laid off workers. However, in the 2000s, the city experienced an economic boom due to increased investment and diversification into services, education, and health care.

By 2020 Perm has become a city with a population of over 1 million people, a major economic and cultural center of the Urals region of Russia. Among the industries are machine building, chemistry, petrochemistry, timber processing and others. Education and health care are well developed in the city. Tourism is attracted by such historical sites as the Perm Academic Opera and Ballet Theater and medieval monuments.

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